In this paper, we evaluate various system configurations for crosstalk cancellation using interference alignment (IA) in uncoordinated and partially coordinated downstream G. fast. In the first configuration, which can be implemented in a distributed fashion, signal-level coordination between users is unnecessary and IA is applied in the frequency domain. In the second configuration, partial signal-level coordination is available; however, it is entirely consumed by vectoring and IA is applied in the frequency domain. In the third configuration, partial signal-level coordination is available, but vectoring is not applied. Instead, IA is applied jointly in both the space and frequency domains. Considerably higher sum bit rates are achieved using the third configuration; however, the computational complexity is noticeably higher than the other two configurations. To tackle this problem, we propose a joint partial vectoring design based on the third configuration which outperforms the diagonalizing pre-compensator (a.k.a. zero-forcing precoder) considerably. Then we employ it in the second configuration to obtain a high-performance crosstalk cancellation scheme with much lower complexity. Our simulation results show that depending on the level of coordination, IA increases the achievable rates of G. fast loops significantly compared to available solutions with comparable complexity.

Recently, the use of the loran system in navigation has gained much attention respect to its jamming security and possibility of improving the performance using hardware and new algorithms. Various sources of the error, continuous wave interference as the main one, cause error in the phase tracing and consequently cause error in measuring the time of arrival which finally result in the accuracy of navigation. In this paper, using the structure of loran pulses in the time domain, a new algorithm is proposed in order to removing the continuous wave interference. This algorithm has low complexity, has better performance than the conventional scenario, and its implementation causes improving of performance and accuracy of navigation. The simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithm is approximately independent of SIR of the received signal, and the limiter factor is the SNR of the received signal only. The proposed algorithm for measuring the time of arrival (TOA) result in removing the effect of coherent interference (improvement compared to the other conventional scenario averaging and phase decoding with coefficient 1023). This noticeable improvement is provided in the cost of decreasing the received SIR caused by the non-coherent continuous wave interference with maximum value 3 dB which can be simply removed by use of a band pass filter.

In this paper, a low complexity iterative multi-user receiver for the coded MC-FH-CDMA system, is considered, which has been introduced in [1]. The structure of the proposed receiver consists of a Multi-User Likelihood Calculator (MULe) and a bank of SISO channel decoders, one for each active user. Based on the received signal and a priori information about code bits, provided by 5150 decoders in the previous iteration, MULC computes the extrinsic information of the coded symbols of active users in the form of a Log-Likelihood Ratio (LLR). This information is used by channel decoders as a priori information to compute an update of LLRs. The processing proceeds in an iterative manner, similar to the decoding of turbo codes. The performance of the proposed receiver is evaluated in AWGN channels. The numerical results show that the new receiver significantly improves system performance, compared to the conventional single user receiver.

Growing demand to access frequency spectrum, cognitive radio is introduced so that the secondary users (SU) are allowed to use unused spectrum of primary user. If the primary user (PU) uses the full frequency spectrum, the existing unused spectrum in space-domain can create ideal opportunistic interference alignment considering cognitive networks. Since the PU knows perfect channel knowledge, it can perform water-filling algorithm and singular value decomposition, then secondary users transmit along the spatial direction with the design pre-coder. In this paper, we improve the efficiency of the system with a transmit space-time coding technique introduced by Alamouti. In this regard, the SU transmit and receive antennas are reduced and after performing interference alignment algorithm, but the interference does not becomes exactly zero. In fact, to remove this interference, SU transmits Alamouti code. In this paper, we consider the case of two secondary users opportunistically exploiting the same frequency band utilized by a licensed user. Our goal is to design low-complexity precoders to realize interference cancellation for each secondary user. The main idea is to design precoders such that the two users transmit over two orthogonal spaces. As a result, the decoders can project the received signals to each of the orthogonal spaces and decode the information of each user without any interference from the other user.

In this paper, we propose a technique of artificial intelligence called adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for canceling maternal electrocardiogram (MECG) in fetal electrocardiogram extraction (FECG).This technique is used to estimate the MECG present in the abdominal signal of a pregnant woman. The FECG is then extracted by subtracting the estimated MECG from the abdominal signal. Performance of the proposed method in terms of mean square error, signal to noise ratio is compared with neural network. Our results show that this method is a simple and powerful means for the extraction of FECG.

In this paper, a novel LNA design based on improved noise cancellation technique in the frequency range of 27 to 31 GHz.is presented The proposed LNA is suitable for millimeter wave 5G wireless communication. The first stage of this two-stage LNA is designed with noise cancelation approach to decrease the noise figure of the system. In order to improve the design method, we utilizes a negative feedback by implementing a couple inductor with a transformer connection. The negative feedback provides an acceptable input matching and control the gain to increase the band width. The cascode structure is used in the second stage for its higher gain and stability and better reverse isolation at millimeter wave frequency. Furthermore, an inductor is utilized to boost the gain with neutralizing the capacitance of node between two transistors in a cascode structure. The CMOS silicon on insulator (SOI) is utilized to provide a high level of integration and low power consumption with the minimum cost. The proposed LNA is designed with 130 nm CMOS technology and has 22.14 dB gain with 1.86 dB noise figure at 29 GHz. The 3-dB bandwidth of the designed LNA is 4 GHz (14%) and its DC power consumption is 33.4 mW. The IIP3 is -16dBm and input reflection coefficient is better than -10dBm in the frequency range of interest. The proposed LNA is simulated by ADS software.

Although repentance (tawba) is among the fundamentals of Islamic .r-1.criminal Law, which is considered for correction of criminals and offenders and even in some cases it elicits cancellation (amnesty) of the penalty, it is rarely observed to be employed for cancellation of penalty in courts and by judges. While examining the issue of tawha and stating the legal proofs in this respect, in the present article, we have dealt with the quality and the importance of using it in the cancellation of punishment of criminals and concluded that if due attention is paid to the criminals" repentance (of course, in respect to the verses and traditions available on this issue), it will be noticed that many criminals would enjoy this privilege and the society would also witness a reduction in the number of prisoners and the execution of penalty for the offenders and their correction. We have further concluded that the current excuses concerning tawha are to be eliminated and that it should be accepted by mere verbal declaration, since there is no precondition for tawha except for its persistence. In the meantime, it is suggested that, in case of achievement of tawha and the cancellation of penalty, the bad record to be removed from the criminal"s punitive register. It is also proposed that a center by the name of "Repentance Institution" to be established in the judicial system.

Objective: Determination of incidence of cancellation of ART cycles, and factors influencing the cancellation. Data collection and materials/methods included 400 patients undergoing induction ovulation for ART. Incidence of cancellation of ART cycles was estimated. Results: cancellation rate incidence was 10.5% that was higher in 35 year olds and older patients. Incidence of cancellation rate was higher in HMG user group and infertility due to tubal factor. The rate of cancellation was similar in patients with increasing drug dosage and those with fixed drug dosage. Rate of cancellation was also similar in both patients with more than two cycles and those with two cycles or less. Discussion: This study supports previous observations, correlations between age and ovarian response. Incidence of cancellation rate was higher in patients with tubal factor which supports the thesis correlating ovarian response and tubo-ovarian environment. Conclusion: cancellation rate incidence was 10.5%. Poor responses of ovaries for developing follicles and absence of oocytes after retrieval were the most frequent factors responsible for cancellation rate.    

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and multiple births are the two major complications associated with in vitro fertilization (IVF). The incidence of OHSS has been reported to be as high as 33%, with severe OHSS occurring in 0.5–4% of patients. Generally, OHSS is preceded by multiple follicular developments combined with a high serum estradiol concentration. Luteinization is essential for its development. Since the etiology of OHSS remains unknown and the pathophysiology is poorly understood, it is not surprising that no strategy has yet been shown to completely prevent the occurrence of severe OHSS, short of canceling the cycle. Many preventive methods have been evaluated including early ovarian puncture, glucocorticoids, intravenous albumin, and the prolonged use of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa). No method has consistently demonstrated superiority in prevention of this syndrome. Triggering ovulation in a Gn- RH-antagonist protocol using gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists instead of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was first introduced by Itskovitz et al (1988,1991), and has been used ever since with excellent results in terms of OHSS  prevention.One approach which minimizes HCG exposure without forfeiting oocyte retrieval is the elective cryopreservation of all resulting pre-embryos, subsequently avoiding further HCG exposure during the cycle at risk. Verification of human oocytes and embryos became a more popular alternative to the slow rate freezing method due to reported comparable clinical and laboratory outcomes. In addition to recent publications which have suggested that GnRH agonist trigger may lead to significantly impaired implantation and ongoing pregnancy rates in fres embryo transfer (ET) cycles in normal responders, as well as in high responders.Based on this approach, we adopted a strategy where, final oocyte maturation with GnRH agonist is done, followed by elective nitrification of all two pronucleate (2 PN) oocytes and transfer of embryos in subsequent frozen– thawed embryo transfer cycle(s) (FT-ETs).Materials and Methods: In-vitro fertilization patients (n = 65) enrolled in this prospective study at the IVF University Unit, between December 2004 to August 2007 were identified as being at high risk of OHSS (based on (i) ³20 follicles ³10 mm or E2 ³ 4000 pg/ml at the time of induction of final oocyte maturation, (ii) history of cycle cancellation due to OHSS risk, (iii) the development of severe OHSS in a previous cycle). After Ovarian stimulation with GnRH-antagonist administration, final oocyte maturation was triggered by 0.2 mg triptorelin subcutaneously (s.c). All two pronucleate (2 PN) oocytes were cry preserved by verification, and frozen–thawed ETs (FT-ETs) were performed in programmed cycles using exogenous estrogen and progesterone for endometrial preparation. All patients were given warnings for severe OHSS and were followed carefully for up to two week’s post-retrieval.Results: Sixty five patients were triggered with GnRH agonist, and underwent FT-ETs. To date, 265 vitrified zygotes have been warmed. The post thaw survival rate was 97 % (258/ 265). The mean embryos transferred per cycle were 2.3. The clinical pregnancy rate was 46.2% (30/65) per patient and 27.8 %( 30/108) per thawed cycle. Up to date we have 13 deliveries (3 twin pregnancy) and no cases of moderate or severe OHSS were observed.Conclusion: The GnRH agonist triggering for the final oocyte maturation after GnRH antagonist co-treatment combined with elective vilification of 2 PN reduces the risk of moderate and severe OHSS in high-risk patients undergoing IVF/ICSI without affecting pregnancy rate. We conclude from our study that adequate stimulation in good responders with sufficient zygotes for verification, save the patients from further oocyte pick up.